Βασίλειος Σωτήρας
ΜΝΗΜΟΝΙΟ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΟΣΩΝ ΕΓΙΝΑΝ ΜΟΝΟ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΛΩΣΗ ..http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/203759.pdf
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC
CONCERNING THE IMPOSITION OF IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
ON CATEGORIES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND BYZANTINE
ECCLESIASTICAL ETHNOLOGICAL MATERIAL THROUGH THE
15 1 " CENTURY A.D.
OF THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC
Hie Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Hellenic
Republic (hereinafter also referred to as Greece);
Acting pursuant to the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting
and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property,
to which both countries are States Party; and
Desiring to reduce the incentive for pillage of irreplaceable archaeological
material of Greece representing the Upper Paleolithic Period through the
15 th century A.D.. and of Byzantine ecclesiastical ethnological material through the 15 th
century A.D.;
Have agreed as follows:
A RTICLE I
1. The Government of the United States of America. in accordance with its
legislation entitled the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act. shall restrict
the importation into the United States of archaeological material representing the Upper
Paleolithic Period (beginning approximately 20,000 B.C.) through the 15 th century A.D.,
and of ecclesiastical ethnological material representing the Byzantine culture from
approximately the 4th century through the 15 th century A.D., including categories of
stone, metal, ceramic, bone and ivory, wood and glass artifacts, textile, papyrus, paintings
(including wall paintings), mosaics and other material identified on a list to be
promulgated by the United States Government (hereinafter referred to as the Designated
List), unless the Government of the Hellenic Republic issues a license or other
documentation which certifies that such exportation was not in violation of its laws.
The Government of the United States of America shall offer for return to the
Government of the Hellenic Republic any material on the Designated List forfeited to the
Government of the United States of America.
3. Such import restrictions shall become effective on the date the Designated List is
published by the Department of Homeland Security in the U.S. Federal Register, the
official United States Government publication providing fair public notice.
ARTICLE II
1. Representatives of the Government of the United States of America and
representatives of the Government of the Hellenic Republic shall take appropriate steps to
publicize this Memorandum of Understanding and the reasons for it through available
outlets of communication.3. The Government of the Hellenic Republic shall consider increasing the capacity
of the existine units within the Hellenic Police to monitor and protect cultural heritage
sites throughout the country, and shall also consider improving the existing regulations
on the use of metal detectors.
3. The Government of the Hellenic Republic shall continue its best efforts to protect
its archaeological and ethnological resources through the enhanced enforcement of its
cultural heritage protection legislation.
4. The Government of the Hellenic Republic shall take the following steps with
regard to registration and inventories:
a. continue to pursue registration of private and local municipal collections:
and
b. continue to inventory churches and their holdings.
5. Both Governments agree that, in order for United States import restrictions to be
most successful in thwarting pillage, the Government of the Hellenic Republic shall
endeavor to strengthen cooperation among states within the Mediterranean Region for the
protection of the cultural patrimony of the region; and shall seek increased cooperation
from other art-importing states to restrict illicit imports, in an effort to deter further
pillage.
6. In order to enhance and promote the national sites inventory, the Government of
the Hellenic Republic shall take the following steps with regard to archaeological
surveys:
a. encourage Greek archaeological teams to conduct additional survey
projects: andb. consider ways of increasing permits issued to foreign archaeological
m issions or schools for the purpose of allowing more surveys.
7. The Government of the United States of America recognizes that the Government
of the llellenic Republic has a long history of permitting the interchange of
archaeological materials for cultural, exhibition, educational and scientific purposes to
enable widespread public appreciation of and access to Greece's cultural heritage in
accordance with the relevant Greek legislation. The Government of the Hellenic
Republic agrees to use its best efforts to encourage further interchange through:
a. consideration, as appropriate, of accommodating requests for extended
loans beyond a tive-year period to United States museums for cultural,
educational, and scientific purposes through the existing renewal process, with
assurances that a request for renewal will be given highest consideration; and
b. consideration, as appropriate, of broadening permissions to academicians
and museum curators from abroad to photograph material in Greek museums, and
of revising regulations that would reduce fees for the reproduction of images for
use in cultural, educational, and scientific contexts.
8. The Government of the United States of America shall establish an appropriate
webpage with links to the websites of Greek museums for the purpose of fostering
interchange among peer institutions and other interested parties.
9. The Government of the United States of America shall use its best efforts to
facilitate technical assistance in cultural resource management and site security to
Greece, as appropriate under existing programs in the public and/or private sectors.
ARTICLE III
The obligations of both Governments and the activities carried out under this
Memorandum of Understanding shall be subject to the laws and regulations of each
Government, as applicable, including the availability of funds.
ARTICLE IV
1. This Memorandum of Understanding shall enter into force on the date on which
the Governments shall have notified each other by diplomatic note that each has
completed all the internal requirements for its entry into force. It shall remain in force for
a period of five years.
2. This Memorandum of Understanding may be amended through an exchange of
diplomatic notes.
3. The effectiveness of this Memorandum of Understanding shall be subject to
review in order to determine, before the expiration of the five-year period of this
Memorandum of Understanding, whether it should be extended.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective
Governments, have signed the present Memorandum of Understanding.
DONE at Athens. this {U 1 day of July. 2011. in duplicate, in the English and Greek
languages, both texts being equally authentic.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
FOR THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC:
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